On July 1, 2024, Panama and the United States collaborated for a groundbreaking initiative using U.S. State Department funds for deportations from Panama. Let’s delve into the details of this significant partnership:
What is the Diplomatic Arrangement Between Panama and the United States?
- An agreement between Panama and the U.S. for the repatriation of foreign nationals using U.S. funds.
- The first time the U.S. directly pays for another country’s removal flights.
Who are the Nationalities Crossing the Darien Gap into Panama?
- Five nationalities comprise 90% of the migrants crossing the Darien Gap into Panama.
- In 2024, the majority were from Venezuela, followed by Ecuador, Colombia, China, and Haiti.
The U.S.-funded repatriation effort might pose risks for Ecuadorians and Colombians with valid claims for protection under international and U.S. law, forcing them back into hazardous environments.
What Are the Concerns Around the Repatriation Efforts?
- Colombia still faces internal conflict despite the end of civil war.
- Ecuador declared an “internal armed conflict” in 2024 with a high homicide rate.
The Biden administration aims to ensure compliance with international law obligations for repatriations, but challenges in screening and processing protection claims remain.
What Challenges Exist in Panama’s Asylum Process?
- The Panamanian asylum agency faces budget and staff shortages.
- Capacity constraints limit UNHCR’s support in complying with non-refoulement obligations.
In light of these challenges, experts call for the Biden administration to reconsider funding Panama’s deportation system and focus on expanding lawful pathways for asylum seekers from Colombia and Ecuador.
Source: refugeerights.org